Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokubopha Okufakwe Imicu kanye Nezicelo Zazo

Izibophelelo ezinochungechunge zihlala zingenye yezinto eziqanjwe abantu ezibaluleke kakhulu kusukela zatholwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2,400 edlule. Njengoba i-Archytas ye-Tarentum yethula okokuqala ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa imishini yokunyathelisa kawoyela nezinto ezikhishwe ezikhathini zasendulo, isimiso sesikulufu ngemuva kwezibophelelo ezinentambo sathola impilo entsha ngesikhathi senguquko yezimboni futhi manje abakhiqizi bancike kulawa majoyini emishini ukuze basekele izigidi zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.

Ngawo-1860s, i-engeli yentambo yokuqala emisiwe kanye nenombolo-yintshi ngayinye yavumela izinkampani ukuthi zisebenzise izixhumi ezifakwe embonini kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemishini nemikhiqizo. Namuhla, abahlaziyi babikezela ukuthi imakethe yokubopha imishini nezimboni izofinyelela ku-$109 billion ngo-2025, ikhule ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esiyinhlanganisela (CAGR) esingaphezu kuka-4% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Izixhumi zesimanje ezinentambo zisekela yonke imboni ekukhiqizeni kwesimanje kusukela kumishini kagesi ethengwayo kuye kumishini yezimayini eqinile nangale kwalokho.

• Izibophelelo ezinemicu zisebenzisa isimiso sesikulufu ukuze siguqule amandla e-tension abe amandla omugqa

   

• Izinsimbi zesimanje ezinentambo zisekela cishe yonke imboni, okuhlanganisa i-electronics, i-aerospace, yezimoto, nemikhakha yezimboni

   

• Izibophelelo ezinezintambo ziza ngazo zonke izimo nosayizi, zilungele noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olufaka imiklamo yangokwezifiso lapho kudingeka

   

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izinhlobo ze-fastener nemiklamo kwaqhubeka nokuvela futhi manje unezinhlobonhlobo zezixazululo ongakhetha kuzo zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile. Ngokusho kochwepheshe be-fastener, u-95% wokwehluleka kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhetha i-fastened engalungile noma ngenxa yokufakwa okungalungile kwengxenye. Imisebenzi ehlukene, izici zedizayini, ama-coatings, nokukhetha kwezinto ezibonakalayo konke kuthonya amandla elunga nesisindo sedizayini iyonke yomkhiqizo.

Nansi inkomba ewusizo yakho konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezinsimbi zesimanje ezinezintambo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zazo.

Incazelo ye-fastened enentambo iwukulungisa okusebenzisa irempu ezungezayo enqenqemeni ngaphandle kwe-cylindrical shaft ukuze ihlanganise izingcezu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezinto ndawonye. Intambo noma irempu evunguzayo iguqula amandla ajikelezayo (noma i-torque) ekuhlanganyeleni okukwazi ukugcina ukungezwani ezintweni ezinesibopho eziningi.

Uma intambo ingaphandle kwe-cylindrical shaft (njengamabhawudi), ibizwa ngokuthi intambo yesilisa futhi labo abangaphakathi ku-shaft (amantongomane) ngabesifazane. Uma izintambo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zihlangana, izici ezicindezelayo zesibopheli somugqa zingamelana nokucindezelwa kokugunda okuzosetshenziswa izingcezu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezinto ezihlanganiswe ndawonye.

Izibophelelo ezinezintambo zisebenzisa amandla e-tension ukuze zimelane nokuhlukaniswa futhi zinqande izingxenye ezihlukene kusukela ekushelelezini zihlobene nezinye. Amandla aqinile kanye nezimpawu zokungezwani zizenza zilungele izimo lapho udinga khona ukuhlangana okuqinile, okungahlali unomphela phakathi kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto. Izinsimbi ezinezintambo zisekela izimboni zezimoto, i-aerospace, ezokwakha, ezokwakha, nezezolimo, phakathi kokunye.

Amadizayini asukela kuchungechunge olucolile kuye kumaholoholo, okuvumela amandla ahlangene ahlukene ukuze avumelane nohlelo oluthile. Lapho udizayina umkhiqizo omusha noma ulungiselela imiklamo ekhona, uzodinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izibopheli ezinentambo ezitholakalayo ukuze zisekele amalunga akho namancane.

Izinhlobo ezibanzi zemiklamo ziyatholakala namuhla zilungele noma iyiphi inombolo yokujoyina kanye nokubopha izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukukhetha idizayini efanele kuhlala kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokucaciswa okuphelele komkhiqizo okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwekhanda, isibalo sentambo, namandla wezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinsimbi ezinentambo zifaka:

• Amantongomane- Imvamisa inati elicushwe ngowesifazane lilingana phezu kwebhawodi ngemiklamo ehlukahlukene ukuze kulungiswe izingcezu ezimbili zezinto ndawonye

   

• Amabhawudi- Izintambo zesilisa ngaphandle kwesilinda ezingangena ocezwini olucushwe ngowesifazane noma zisebenzisa inadi ukubopha izinto endaweni

   

• Izikulufu– Ayidingi inadi futhi iza cishe nganoma yisiphi isimo noma usayizi, isebenzisa isimiso sesikulufu ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili zezinto.

   

• Amawasha- Isabalalisa imithwalo ngokulinganayo ngenkathi iqinisa isikulufu, ibhawudi, inati, noma induku enentambo

   

Izinhlobo ezingenhla ziwukucushwa kwedizayini okuyinhloko kuphela, okunama-subtypes ahlukene njengamabhawodi e-hex, izikulufu zomshini, izibophelelo ezinentambo yensimbi yeshidi kanye nezinto ezihlukahlukene namabanga atholakalayo.

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisipesheli, ungadizayina amabhawodi anentambo nezibophelelo ngokwezifiso (ngokuvamile ezenzelwe uku-oda) uma umkhiqizo ojwayelekile ungeke wanele. Amabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa ahlanganisa insimbi yesakhiwo ezisekelweni zokwakha kuyilapho iziphanyeko zamapayipi namathreyi ekhebula ngokuvamile adinga izibophelelo ezinentambo ezinamandla ukuze zisekele imiklamo yezimboni.

Izinti ezinemicu zisebenza njengamabhawudi kodwa ngokuvamile zinekhanda eliyingqayizivele noma zakha ingxenye yesiqephu esinamandla amakhulu ekuhlanganeni. Abakhiqizi besimanje bangasebenza nawe ukuze bathole impahla efanelekile, ukwakheka kwekhanda, namandla aqinile ukuze basekele noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza kuyilapho ukhumbula izindleko nesisindo. Izibophelelo zepulasitiki ezinentambo manje sezivamile emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi, zivumela ukuhlanganisa ngokushesha kuyilapho zivumela ukuqaqa lapho umkhiqizo udinga ukuyolungiswa.

Izinsimbi eziningi ezinentambo zizofika nesihlonzi esikhokhiwe (noma esiphawuliwe) emkhiqizweni. Ulwazi oluqukethwe kulawa makhodi luzokusiza ukuthi wenze isinqumo esifanele uma ukhetha umkhiqizo wohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

I-notation ekuzibopheni ezinochungechunge iyachaza:

• Uhlobo lwedrayivu– Ukushayela isibophelelo endaweni kungadinga ithuluzi elikhethekile noma idivayisi. Izinhlobo zedrayivu zifaka amathuluzi afana ne-Phillips (izikulufu), i-Hex Socket (amantongomane), Isikwele, (izikulufu noma amantongomane), kanye neNkanyezi (izixhumi ezikhethekile ezinentambo).

   

• Isitayela sekhanda- Ichaza inhloko yesixhumi esingaba isicaba, siyindilinga, ipani, i-hex, noma izinhlobo ezisaqanda. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwekhanda kuncike ohlotsheni lokuqeda olufunayo lomkhiqizo noma umhlangano wakho.

   

• Indaba- Impahla ingenye yezinto ezicatshangelwayo ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha i-fastened enentambo. Njengoba impahla inquma amandla ahlangene wonke, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi ukhetha into yokubopha enentambo eza namandla anele okubamba njengengxenye yezakhiwo zayo.

   

• Isilinganiso- Isibophelelo ngasinye esinentambo sizophinda sibe nesilinganiso esigxivizwe emkhiqizweni ukuze sikuqondise. Ihlanganisa ububanzi, isibalo sentambo, nobude. E-United States, amabhawodi noma izikulufu ezincane kuno-1/4” zingasebenzisa inombolo kuyilapho osayizi bemethrikhi emhlabeni wonke bezokunikeza izilinganiso zamamilimitha.

   

I-note eseceleni noma ekhanda lesibophelelo esinentambo ikunikeza lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukuze unqume ukuthi umkhiqizo uzofaneleka yini kumklamo wakho.