Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa okungaphezulu: inqubo yokwelapha ngokomzimba kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali. Ubumnyama bendawo yensimbi engagqwali kuyinqubo evame ukusetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwamakhemikhali.
Isimiso: Ngokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, ungqimba lwefilimu ye-oxide lukhiqizwa endaweni yensimbi, futhi ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kutholakala ngefilimu ye-oxide. Isimiso esisetshenziswa kule nqubo yokwelapha ebusweni ukwakha ifilimu ye-oxide endaweni yensimbi ngaphansi kwesenzo semishini ehambisanayo, engahlukanisa insimbi ekuxhumaneni okuqondile nendawo yangaphandle.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwenza insimbi engagqwali ibemnyama yilezi ezilandelayo:
Isigaba 1: Indlela yokufaka imibala ye-Acid
(1) Indlela ye-dichromate encibilikisiwe. Gxilisa izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali kusixazululo se-sodium dichromate encibilikisiwe bese ugoqa kahle imizuzu engama-20-30 ukuze wenze ifilimu ye-oxide emnyama. Susa futhi uphole, bese ugeza ngamanzi.
(2) Indlela ye-Chromate black chemical oxidation. Inqubo yokushintsha umbala walesi singqimba sefilimu isuka ekukhanyeni iye komnyama. Uma ishintsha isuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokukhanyayo iye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ejulile (noma emnyama cwe), isikhawu sesikhathi siyiminithi elingu-0.5-1 kuphela. Uma leli phuzu elilungile ligejwe, lizobuyela libe nsundu ngokukhanyayo futhi lingasuswa kuphela futhi lifakwe umbala kabusha.
2. Indlela ye-vulcanization ingathola ifilimu elihle elimnyama, elidinga ukucwiliswa nge-aqua regia ngaphambi kwe-oxidation.
3. Indlela ye-alkaline oxidation. I-alkaline oxidation iyisisombululo esilungiselelwe nge-sodium hydroxide, nesikhathi se-oxidation semizuzu engu-10-15. Ifilimu ye-oxide emnyama inokumelana okuhle kokugqoka futhi ayidingi ukwelashwa kokwelapha. Isikhathi sokufutha usawoti ngokuvamile siphakathi kwamahora angu-600-800. Ingakwazi ukugcina izinga elihle kakhulu lensimbi engagqwali ngaphandle kokugqwala.
Isigaba 2: Indlela ye-Electrolytic oxidation
Ukulungiswa kwesixazululo: (20-40g/L dichromate, 10-40g/L manganese sulfate, 10-20g/L boric acid, 10-20g/L/PH3-4). Ifilimu enemibala yayicwiliswe ngesisombululo se-HCl esingu-10% ku-25C imizuzu engu-5, futhi kwakungekho ukushintsha kombala noma ukuxebuka kwesendlalelo sefilimu yangaphakathi, okubonisa ukumelana okuhle kokugqwala kwesendlalelo sefilimu. Ngemuva kwe-electrolysis, i-1Cr17 insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic iba mnyama ngokushesha, bese iba lukhuni ukuze kutholwe ifilimu ye-oxide emnyama enombala ofanayo, ukunwebeka, kanye nezinga elithile lokuqina. Izici ziyinqubo elula, isivinini esisheshayo sobumnyama, umphumela omuhle wombala, nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Ifanele ukwelashwa okumnyama okungaphezulu kwezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ezingenasici ngakho-ke inenani elikhulu elisebenzayo.
Isigaba sesi-3: Indlela Yokwelapha Ukushisa kwe-QPQ
Kwenziwa ngemishini ekhethekile, ungqimba lwefilimu luqinile futhi lunokumelana okuhle kokugqoka; Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi insimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi i-austenitic insimbi engagqwali, ayinalo ikhono lokuvimbela ukugqwala njengangaphambili ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-QPQ. Isizathu siwukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-chromium endaweni yensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic yonakalisiwe. Ngoba ohlelweni lwangaphambilini lwe-QPQ, okuyinqubo ye-nitriding, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ne-nitrogen kuzongena, kubangele ukulimala kwesakhiwo esingaphezulu. Kulula ukugqwala, isifutho sikasawoti asilungile sizogqwala emahoreni ambalwa. Ngenxa yalobu buthakathaka, ukusebenza kwayo kulinganiselwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-29-2024